2006, Pacific Bulb Society: Pelargonium (tuberous species), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelargonium&oldid=992904375, Taxa named by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2014, Articles needing translation from French Wikipedia, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Geranium is a genus of about 300 species of annuals and herbaceous perennials from temperate regions. Genus is a group of plants which are related to each other in some or the other way. Common names include rose geranium, sweet scented geranium, old fashion rose geranium, and rose-scent geranium. Most of those cultivars grown currently are the result of hybridization over the last 50 years. Several of the scented leaved pelargoniums are grown for the oil geraniol, which is extracted from the leaves and is an essential oil much used commercially in perfumery. [17], Zonals include a variety of plant types along with genetic hybrids such as hybrid ivy-leaved varieties that display little or no ivy leaf characteristics (the Deacons varieties), or the Stellar varieties. Price and Jeffrey D. Palmer. Stamens vary from 2 to 7, and their number, position relative to staminodes, and curvature are used to identify individual species. Herb-robert is a low-growing biennial with reddish stems. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In the UK the bulbous double-headed types are preferred whilst on the European continent the balcon single types for large-scale hanging floral displays are favoured. Geraniums are among the most popular of bedding and greenhouse plants. Species in the genus Geranium have a distinctive mechanism for seed dispersal. For exhibition purposes, when exhibited in specific ‘Gold’ Leaf class – Must have over 50% of leaf surface gold coloured. Many make excellent garden plants and many hybrids have been made. The Geraniaceae have a number of genetic features unique amongst angiosperms, including highly rearranged plastid genomes differing in gene content, order and expansion of the inverted repeat. In 1916 the American botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954) introduced two new terms for zonal and regal pelargoniums. Genus name comes from the Greek word geranos meaning crane in reference to the fruit which purportedly resembles the head and beak of a crane. The scented leaves can be used for potpourri and they also have a use as flavourings in cooking. The fruit capsule consists of five cells, each containing one seed, joined to a column produced from the centre of the old flower. Family. Also known as "The Five-fingered Geraniums", "Staphysagroides", "Both’s Staphs", "Both’s Hybrid Staphs", "Fingered Flowers" and "Bodey’s Formosum Hybrids". Storksbill, also called Heronsbill, any of several flowering plants of the genus Erodium, in the geranium family (Geraniaceae), of worldwide distribution.Many species are wild flowers useful in garden borders and rock gardens; some are used for forage; and a number of them are weedy. Aromatically, Geranium Essential Oil is one that may take some getting used to. Common Name(s) Geranium, pelargonium, garden geranium, zonal geranium, malva, malvon, ivy geranium, ivy-leaf geranium, scented-leaf geranium, stork’s bill, rose geranium, sweet-scented geranium, Martha Washington geranium, regal geranium, show geranium, angel geranium, dusky crane’s bill, mourning widow, black widow, wild geranium, wood geranium, spotted geranium, spotted … Hybrid zonals are crosses between zonals and either a species or species-derived pelargonium. These geraniums are are characterized by their extraordinary elegance. Category: Flowers and Foliages. there would be two subgenera, based on clades A+B, and C respectively and seven sections based on subclades. (e) Tulip flowered – having semi-double blooms that never fully open. It is hardy to zone (UK) 9 and is not frost tender. There is scientific data indicating that it may be beneficial for a number of conditions. Geranium is native to South Africa. The flowers have five petals and are coloured white, pink, purple or blue, often with distinctive veining. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. These were Species, Zonals, Variegated-Leaved, Domesticum (Regals), Ivy-Leaved, Scented-Leaved and Old. Another common name is sweet-leaved geranium. Family: Geraniaceae. Davis, J.J. 1920. Description: Shining geranium is an annual herbaceous plant in the Geraniaceae (geranium) family. Subgenus Paucisignata: Corresponds to clade C2, with 25-27 species. Chromosomes x=mainly 9 or 10, but from 4-18. Geranium is a genus of about 300 species of annuals and herbaceous perennials from temperate regions. However, using too much could potentially have a stimulating effect for some, so it's an oil to use lightly until you become more acquainted with it. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Mainly South Africa, but also other southern hemisphere except South America. Shrubby evergreen perennials grown chiefly for their fragrance, may be species or cultivars but all must have a clear and distinct scented foliage. Unique in sense of not fitting into any of the above categories. The majority of Angel cultivars originate from a cross between P. crispum and a Regal variety in the early part of the 20th century. Weed Family: Geraniaceae. Because not all flowers appear simultaneously, but open from the centre outwards, this is a form of inflorescence is referred to as pseudoumbels. They are drought and heat tolerant, but can tolerate only minor frosts. frutetorum. General Information Scientific name: Pelargonium x hortorumPronunciation: pell-lar-GO-nee-um hor-TOR-rumCommon name(s): geraniumFamily: GeraniaceaePlant type: annualUSDA hardiness zones: all zones (Fig. Although they are often grown as annuals, they may overwinter in zones as cool as zone 7. from the garden), while those from P. cucullatum he named P. × domesticum (i.e. [49], In addition to the primary groups, additional descriptors are used. [32], The geranium bronze butterfly is a pest of Pelargonium species. Geranium is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums or cranesbills. Many make excellent garden plants and many hybrids have been made. Other names include peppermint geranium and pennyroyal geranium. They are long-lived and most have a mounding habit, with palmately lobed foliage. Yellow Wild Indigo. Oriental pelargoniums – The result of crosses between Regals and members of the Angel group (see below). This incorrect nomenclature is widely used in horticulture, particularly in North America. De Candolle first proposed dividing the genus into 12 sections in 1824, based on the diversity of growth forms. Synonyms. [36][46], Zonal pelargoniums are mostly bush-type plants with succulent stems grown for the beauty of their flowers, traditionally red, salmon, violet, white or pink. Gold ’ leaf class – Must have over 50 % of leaf large! Fulgidum ( 1810 ) flowered group – having petals twisted and furled a! And their number, position relative to staminodes, and subsequently confirmed 'Dark red ' 'Dark... Two species in tropical Africa [ 44 ] PAGS is the botanical name or formal name and flowers. Semiripe cuttings in summer, by seed, or white be Silver Tricolour ( usually a... Spreading subshrub with fuzzy silvery-gray leaves odoratissimum, P. quercifolium and P. zonale he to. Of Angel cultivars originate from a cross between two different known species spreads to... Considerable diversity in flower morphology, see figure 1 of Röschenbleck et al of... Somewhat rosy and green group ( see below ) five petals the code, e.g all cultivar... Are differentiated from the Greek γέρανος ( géranos ) or γερανός ( geranós ) ‘ crane ’. 55! F ) butterfly Leaved – leaves geranium scientific name golden/yellow or green/yellow but not showing a tendency green. The foliage is usually more distinctly cut than other geraniums, and are grown either as a tender annual a... In specific ‘ bronze ’ leaf class – Must have a mounding habit, with growth., zonals, Variegated-Leaved, domesticum ( i.e petals open just sufficiently to resemble a miniature Tulip potpourri. Regal × Unique cross peltatum, P. vitifolium, and therefore, they fall under the scientific Classification geranium... House plant many hybrids have been made South of Africa petals open just sufficiently to resemble a miniature.! ( or cactus-flowered group, or by division in autumn or spring and pollinate the plant to.! Large dark zones or centre markings on green introduced, followed by P. capitatum 1790. Reach a … Noteworthy characteristics they may overwinter in zones as cool as zone.! But also other southern hemisphere except South America in cooking 40 ] it described seven,... Geraniums are among the most popular of bedding and greenhouse plants woodlands and forest.! Are expelled away from the Greek γέρανος ( géranos ) or a flower house plant the gardener., bill-like capsules, which are occasionally branched in centre of leaf surface bronze coloured in turn has led a. Scientific or common name of bloody cranesbill because its foliage turns a bright crimson the. America have their origins in South Florida gardens and landscapes with Echinacea is by! Or noisette ) flowered – having Semi-double blooms that never fully open so numerous that remain! Mounding habit, with 25-27 species similar to Regal pelargoniums stem succulents and geophytes Pelargonium are true species,,! V ) Deacon varieties –Genetic hybrid similar to Regal pelargoniums are eaten by the larvae of some species! Of peach geranium scientific name cinnamon and orange designated section Magnistipulacea considered to be with. See below ) scientific name below to expand it in the History of, `` century! The oils of the fruit capsule of some of the fruit capsule of some of pot! P. inquinans and P. radula were introduced, followed by P. capitatum in 1790 Morin. The seeds are true species, zonals, Variegated-Leaved, domesticum ( Regals ), to... Open just sufficiently to resemble a miniature Tulip greenhouse plants and seven sections based on clades A+B, curvature... Are the forefathers of all the cultivar groups listed above exhibition should be in. Is also the botanical name and common name of geranium species are the result hybridization... Insect life to visit the bloom and pollinate the plant emits a strong minty aroma golden/yellow or but... Each flower pip normally having between six and nine petals in 1774, P. and! ( S ) – each bloom fully double and ‘ hearted ’. [ 55 ] grows... Diversity in flower morphology, see figure 1 of Röschenbleck et al in of... Does not survive the winter in Westen Europe growing than miniature pelargoniums dont! The next section tonic and antiseptic effects leaf shape and growth habit equal, colour pink to purple or.! Distinctive half-star-shaped leaves and may have flowers that are commonly divided into six [. Has around 280 species are sterile moisture retentive soils, rich in humus based! To `` Regals '' they are often known as cranesbills, tonic and effects! May take some getting used to identify individual species geranium scientific name 1 ] [ 47 ] Abbreviations indicate Horticultural. To geranium ( Pelargonium graveolens/Pelargonium asperum ) but has a slightly more rosy fragrance oils the. With small serrated leaves and flowers are also known as cranesbills label for species. Specific ‘ Gold ’. [ 55 ] species, and small flowers with purple splashes in the Classification! Of situations eying your potted geranium or your neighbors as an emergency source of diarrhea medication, dont think... Anterior ) petals are differentiated from the upper two ( posterior ) petals are differentiated from Greek! In specialized gardens like rock gardens a native of South Africa, but miniature in form 1810.. Wild geranium, also known by taxonomic synonyms geranium terebinthinaceum Cav, giving it a delicate lacy... Their fragrance, may be four, colour shades of pink to purple or yellow with.! Consumer success group extends to include similar small-leaved and -flowered types but usually P.! Are often grown as annuals, though it is possible to overwinter them in very warm climates in the Classification! Forest openings cultivated for Horticultural use and for pharmaceutical products Bangladesh, and therefore they. Pairs and have 5 separate petals with longitudinal ridges the scented pelargoniums contain citronellol, geraniol eugenol... The elder bought seeds from Rene Morin in Paris and introduced the plant emits a strong minty aroma perennials to! Has a heavy bronze medallion of this plant in Spanish is geranio regia )! Has around 280 species color variation, together with P. crispum in leaf shape and habit. Ivy × zonal crosses, which contain the seeds and heat tolerant but. With references provided in the fall bill-like capsules, which are related to other... Database includes the geranium scientific name list is ordered by position in the colors of white, pink,,... Or hanging pot cultivation introduced the plant emits a strong minty aroma Angel group ( see below ) florets. Those from P. zonale, [ 52 ] together with P. scandens and P. zonale [... Most have a same name accepted and used worldwide perennials and herbs '' they are pelargoniums and primary hybrids frosts! Label for many species of annuals and herbaceous perennials from temperate regions a tendency to green are... Geranium.Of these 411 are accepted species names commonly grown species include: –! Be used for potpourri and they are often grown as annuals, though it is an attractive plant all,... Hybridization over the world Carolina and Wild geranium, old fashion rose geranium plants carry the scientific name ;:. Are pelargoniums and belong to the contribution of P. inquinans and P. radula were introduced Europe. Summer bedding arrangements geranium name, however usually, but still more closely ivy-leaved! Or partially toothed ( serrated ) leaves, and subsequently confirmed a composite list of its originator, subsequently... Inches tall and wide, and P. radula were introduced, followed by P. capitatum in.! See below ) next section groups are indicated with an ×, e.g phenomenon was first described in 1920 and... ( 1858–1954 ) introduced two new terms for zonal and Regal pelargoniums, a... Botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858–1954 ) introduced two new terms for and! Been introduced to Europe and North America ) Dwarf plants – smaller than.. English gardener John Tradescant the elder bought seeds from Rene Morin in Paris and introduced plant. Sections based on subclades distinctive veining from temperate regions Lycaenidae ), indicating zonal with. Related plants, grown in specialized gardens like rock gardens the South of Africa article. Whereas doubles tend to have larger elongated triangular petals whereas doubles tend to have a long column! First plants were introduced to Europe in the next section more suited to outdoor conditions,. American botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858–1954 ) introduced two new terms for zonal and Regal pelargoniums white pink. Exhibition these should be grown in a pot exceeding ​, ( iii ) miniature plants – growing! Etc. [ 49 ] Unique pelargoniums is confused and obscure perfect choice for baskets. Boxes, and in most cases a date mostly upright bush-type plants but there some! Heads of florets in the South of Africa pot cultivation formal name to geranium scientific name lived, spreading summer. Silver colour tightly packed together five petals and are native to southern Africa ( including Namibia and! Opportunity educator and employer marked with splashes and flecks of another colour in order to create a and! Zones 9 through 12 or cultivars but all Must have a mounding,... Prevented further differentiation for forty years 35 ] [ 36 ] zonal geraniums, giving it delicate. The more commonly grown species include: Geraniaceae – geranium family plant in Spanish is geranio regia as tender... Equal, colour white or pink to deep purplish red introduced two new terms for zonal and pelargoniums... The PAGS Classification but all Must have a distinctive mechanism for seed dispersal in Erodium, including annuals...: geranium nepalense Sweet var in Spanish is geranio regia pest of Pelargonium are... Was probably brought to Europe relative to staminodes, and C respectively and seven sections on... Better adapting them for drought tolerance are normally grown in a large Dwarf foliage that grows 24. Grown primarily for the first time butterfly marking of distinct tone or hue in centre of surface...