Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.Used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics).They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. Surprisingly, it has been found that other important properties of the laminate thus obtained, such as impact resistance, moisture sensitivity and thermal stability, do not change to such an extent that the laminate no longer meets the imposed quality requirements. 1. The fact that laminates obtained in the aforementioned manner do not show optimum postforming behaviour is a drawback. Blockchain + AI + Crypto Economics Are We Creating a Code Tsunami? Phenol formaldehyde is prepared by condensing phenol with formaldehyde in presence of acidic or alkaline catalyst. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The aqueous solution usually has a pH that lies between 8.5 and 14. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Example 1 was repeated with the difference that now an NaOH solution was used as the catalyst. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. An additional drawback is that this process does not remove the transition metal or boron present in the alkali solution. 528/129, 528/138, 528/144, 528/145, 528/147, 528/148, 528/129, 528/137, 528/138, 528/144, 528/145, 528/147, 528/148, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman, LLP (McLean, VA, US), Click for automatic bibliography In particular it applies to a cyclohexane oxidation process. Customer Code: Creating a Company Customers Love, Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell). The solution that is formed in this process, the saponification lye, hereinafter referred to as aliali solution, has a composition that now appears to be applicable as a catalyst. The main portion of the transition metal ion or boron in the form of boric acid that is used as the catalyst in the alkane oxidation process also ends up in this aqueous alkali solution. What do you understand by resin? The resin-impregnated paper was then compressed to a 1-mm thick high-pressure laminate consisting of three layers of paper. The prepared TPEs are evaluated by rheological, flow and activation energy properties. 5/10/2018 1PSS Presentation You can change your ad preferences anytime. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 10LPF, 20LPF, 30LPF Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin synthesized with 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.% of lignin as a substitute for phenol, respectively. U.S. Pat. Abstract A phenolated wood/phenol/formaldehyde cocondensed novolac‐type resin was prepared with a two‐stage procedure. Google Scholar Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. 1. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Danielson, B. , Simonson, R. Kraft lignin in phenol formaldehyde resin. Another drawback is that the transition metal or boron is entrained with the combustion off-gas, which entails an unacceptable burden on the environment. By now using this alkali solution as a catalyst in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde resins according to a process according to the invention, the aforementioned drawbacks are avoided and at the same time a destination is found for the alkali solution that is formed in an alkane oxidation process. Typical mole ratios of formaldehyde to phenol range from 1.2 to 1.9 mol of formaldehyde per mol of phenol. The concentration of carbonate ions in the aqueous solution is generally between 2 and 20 wt. Wear bulky or dangling clothing. Used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins. Use Mobile Phones. They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. The base concentration was 2.2 wt. Objections to this process are that the alkali melt residue thus obtained has a great digesting power with respect to all materials used for brickwork in the combustion oven. In particular this applies to the alkali solution that is formed in a cyclohexane oxidation process. A process for the preparation of a phenol-formaldehyde resin comprising allowing a phenol and formaldehyde to condense in the presence of a basic catalyst which is an aqueous solution of alkali metal ions selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and mixtures thereof; carbonate ions; anions of at least one carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic … Theory:- Phenolic resins are condensation polymerization of phenolic derivatives (like phenol, resorcinol) with aldehyde (like formaldehyde, furfural). 3,946,077 describes a process according to which the organic salts in the alkali solution are oxidized at a temperature of at least 200° C. and at elevated pressure. Possible alkali metal ions are sodium and potassium ions. This is obtained by polymerization of a monomer obtained by condensation of one molecule of phenol and one molecule of formaldehyde … Generally, in the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resol resin… Comparable results were obtained. Wood was first liquefied in the presence of phenol by using an acid catalyst to produce a phenolated wood, and after the liquefaction, formalin (i.e., formaldehyde aqueous solution) was added to conduct a cocondensation reaction for converting the remaining nonreacted phenol into … 4. An added advantage is that the alkali solution of the alkane oxidation is a cheap alternative catalyst compared with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde resins. This is achieved because the catalyst is an aqueous solution that contains alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, anions of carboxylic acids and one or more ions selected from among transition metal ions and borates. Phenol/formaldehyde resins used to manufacture high-pressure laminates are typically produced by reacting phenol and formaldehyde by means of an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide [10]. The concentration of alkali metal ions in the aqueous solution is generally between 3 and 13 wt. No. The postforming test was derived from ISO standard 4586. %; the rest being water) is introduced into a three-liter double-walled reactor. A lignin‐based phenolic resin was prepared by replacing different amount of lignin with phenol (0, 20, 50, 80, and 100 wt %). If on visual inspection it was found that cracks or blisters had been formed then the laminate was awarded a "-". The low molecular weight PF resin modified with 5% in mass of KH550 (based on the mass of phenol) exhibited better curing properties and superior volume resistance and bonding strength in humid environments. Asad Aslam 2016-PE-08 A solution that is formed in a process as described in U.S. Pat. The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a phenol-formaldehyde resin, by causing phenol and formaldehyde to condense under the influence of a basic catalyst. Mechanical properties of phenol/formaldehyde resin composites reinforced by cellulose microcrystal with different aspect ratio extracted from sisal fiber. Kraft paper of 250 g/m2 was impregnated with the phenol-formaldehyde resin obtained in Example I. Group Members A drawback of this process is that extra process steps and energy are necessary to carry out this process. The laminates are used for for example electrical, insulation and decorative applications. 2. The preparation of HDPE/PB blends using different % of phenol formaldehyde resin as a vulcanizing agent in the presence of SnCl 2 as catalyst forms the focus of this research. The side neck of the round flask was Write chemical equations for preparation … Aqueous solutions of a curing agent, their application as a curing agent for amino resins, adhesive liquour containing these solutions of a curing agent and a process for the preparation of particle board. %, relative to the NaOH. What type of co-polymer is phenol formaldehyde resin? Preparation of PF Resin and Adhesive. In this study, four biorefinery technical lignins were used to synthesize lignin–phenol–formaldehyde (LPF) resin adhesives with a proposed formulation that was designed based on accurate analysis of the active sites in lignin with 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). At this pressure the stack of impregnated paper was heated for 15 minutes, maintained at compression temperature for 15 minutes and cooled for 10 minutes. Synthesis of Multifunctional Ag@Au@Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Particles Loaded with Folic Acids for Photothermal Therapy Ping Yang Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. The preparation process was simple and the prepared resin was water-soluble. Nanolignin with high specific surface area and porous structure with an average particle size of about 300 nm was prepared, used as the raw material to substitute phenol partially, and combined with formaldehyde to produce a wood adhesive. J Adhes Sci Technol. APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi... Mammalian Brain Chemistry Explains Everything. 2. 1998, 12, 923 – 939. Nanolignin with high specific surface area and porous structure with an average particle size of about 300 nm was prepared, used as the raw material to substitute phenol partially, and combined with formaldehyde to produce a wood adhesive. Eat or drink in the laboratory. & Terms of Use. Umer Abid 2016-PE-54 A new strategy for the preparation of a lignin phenol formaldehyde (LPF) resin has been developed. Suitable basic catalysts are for example sodium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide and organic amines. In processing the usually flat laminate to a moulded part it is important that the laminate bends easily at temperatures of between 140° and 200° C. The deformability of laminates for this application is called the postforming behaviour. In particular this applies to a cycloalkane oxidation process in which the cycloalkane consists of between 5 and 12 carbon atoms. In this video the preparation of a phenol formaldehyde resin is shown. Preferably the pH lies between 10 and 14 and in particular between 11 and 12. Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. The molar ratio of phenol (combination of lignin and phenol or pure lignin) to formaldehyde was kept constant at 1.0:2.0 for all trials. The stack obtained in this manner is cured under pressure, as a result of which a laminate is obtained. Briefly describe the properties of phenolic resins. The process may be carried out as follows; • A mixture of phenol and formaldehyde are allowed to react in the presence of a catalyst i.e.Oxalic acidandsodium hydroxide. Do not venture to other lab stations for any reason. Catalyst levels range from 0.5% to 3%. To this was added 100 g of a basic aqueous solution having the following composition: Then the temperature was raised to 85° C. At this temperature 867 g of formaldehyde (31 wt. All rights reserved. %. Urea formaldehyde resin was developed in the 1930s (Dinwoodie, 1979) and is widely used in the composites industry.Ninety percent of the world’s particleboard is produced using UF resin (Dinwoodie, 1979).The advantages of UF resins were listed by Pizzi (1994a,b) as follows:. PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE RESIN Phenolic (phenol-formaldehyde) resins, first commercially available in 1907 (Ibeh, 1999) when some of the first polymers were made, are today, among some of the most widely produced thermosetting plastics. By cooling and slowly adding drops of formaldehyde the temperature was maintained at 90° C. After a reaction time of 1.5 hours the resin solution was cooled to approximately 20° C. The viscosity of the resin solution thus obtained was found to be 40 mPas. Phenol-formaldehyde resins can be used in for example rock wool, chipboard, paints, filters and rubbers. The laminate thus obtained was tested for impact resistance, moisture sensitivity and postforming behaviour in the same manner as in Example II. Give main uses of the phenol formaldehyde resin. Work in the laboratory without an instructor present. The concentration of anions of carboxylic acids in the aqueous solution expressed in the concentration of organically bound carbon is between 3 and 40 wt. Novolacs are commonly used as photoresists. In this test the laminate is bent over a hot cylinder with a radius of 7 mm to an angle of 90° at 200° C. within 30 seconds. The laminate thus obtained was tested for impact resistance and moisture sensitivity according to ISO 4586 and for postforming behaviour. 2-4- Preparation of Sulfonated Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin 0.425 moles of phenol was taken into clean 250 ml of tri-neck round Flask. Many attempts have already been made to process this alkali solution in a satisfying manner. It has been found that the postforming behavior is substantially improved when a phenol-formaldehyde resin prepared with the aid of such a catalyst is used in a laminate. Mirza Aqeel 2016-PE-44 Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Chemical Reaction Phenol Formaldehyde resins are prepared by reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of acidic or basic catalyst. Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Composites by Poly(Hexanedithiol)/Graphene Oxide Jingliang Wei1, Chun Wei1,2,3, Le Su1, Jun Fu1, Jian Lv1,2,3* 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China 2Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, It is important that the pH is higher than 8.5 because otherwise the carbonate decomposes to carbon dioxide and other substances. The impregnated paper was then dried in a ventilation oven at 120° C. The resin content of the paper was 45 wt. generation, Method of spray drying phenol-formaldehyde resin compositions, Polyurethane foams from polyester precursor derived from adipic acid process waste, <- Previous Patent (Cyclohexanenorbornan...). 6. Part 1. An undamaged laminate was awarded a "-". The compression was effected at a temperature of 140° C. and a pressure of 8 MPa. % and preferably between 3 and 8 wt. The method for the preparation of moisture stable phenolic resins comprises condensation of phenol and formaldehyde in presence of calcium hydroxide as catalyst has been patented by Jellinek and co-workers [16]. 5. & Terms of Use. In general the transition metal ion is an ion of cobalt and/or chromium. They were at one time the primary … No. The invention is further elucidated with reference to the following examples, without being limited thereto. No public clipboards found for this slide. © 2004-2020 FreePatentsOnline.com. 3,946,077 can very advantageously be chosen as the catalyst described above. Directly touch any chemical with your hands. Privacy Policy The viscosity of the resin solution thus obtained was found to be 40 mPas. The alkali solution is usually regarded as a worthless stream, from which the organic substances present as well as the transition metal or boron have to be removed on account of environmental requirements. 4. The catalyst consists of an aqueous solution that contains alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, anions of carboxylic acids and transition metal ions and/or borates. History Introduction Apparatus Required Chemical Required Principle Chemical Reaction Procedure Application FTIR Analysis. %. 3,946,077 describes how in an alkane oxidation process an organic process stream is treated with an alkali solution to saponify the esters present and to separate the carboxylic acids released through the saponification or otherwise. %, preferably between 4 and 9 wt. HPL requirement = the quality requirement for highpressure laminate. Paper is impregnated with a phenol-formaldehyde resin, dried and stacked. Examples I and II were repeated using a saponification lye obtained in a process as described in EP-A-92867. Yu Chen, Xiaowu Gong, Gaoshan Yang, Qin Li and Na Zhou * Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Beisi Road, Shihezi, 800032 Xinjiang, China. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. The carboxylic acids may optionally be hydroxylated mono- and dicarboxylic acids. ... Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004 China. These anions of carboxylic acids will generally be present in the aqueous solution as a dissolved alkali-metal salt of the carboxylic acid. %. Privacy Policy Amir Nawaz 2016-PE-50 University Of Engineering And Technology Lahore. The synthesized resin was cured at 170oC in the oven for 1 h. Boron modified PF resols were prepared using different amount of boron modifiers as 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 mol. Rajab Ali 2016-PE-55 The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a phenol-formaldehyde resin by causing phenol and formaldehyde to condense under the influence of a basic catalyst, the catalyst being an aqueous solution containing alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, ions of carboxylic acids and one or more ions chosen from the group comprising transition metal ions and borates. Phenol-formaldehyde plastic or Backelite is a high molecular weight substance wherein several phenol rings are linked together by methylene (-CI 12-) groups. Examples of possible carboxylic acids are formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, butyric acid, succinic acid, valeric acid, glutaric acid, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid and azelaic acid. It is known that a basic catalyst is usually used in the preparation of a phenol-formaldehyde resin using phenol and formaldehyde as starting materials. Most important member of this class is bakelite or phenol formaldehyde resin. %) was added dropwise, in 15 minutes. The polymerization is brought to completion using acid-catalysis such as oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfonate acids. The phenol units are mainly linked by methylene and/or ether groups. Work only with your lab partner(s). 3. Phenol formaldehyde resins or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. The aim of this invention is to prepare a phenol-formaldehyde resin with which laminates can be produced that show better postforming behaviour than is possible according to the present state of the art. Moazzam Shehzad 2016-PE-01 See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. 5. Phenol-formaldehyde resins are pre-eminently suitable for impregnating for example paper. GB-A-1398293 proposes to burn the alkali solution. Boron present in the same manner as in example II organic amines ratio extracted from sisal.! Chew on laboratory preparation of phenol formaldehyde resin environment double-walled reactor according to ISO 4586 and for postforming behaviour cycloalkane oxidation process mono-... Partially with lignin nanoparticles behaviour in the same manner as in example II only now use was of. Boron is entrained with the phenol-formaldehyde resin obtained in a process as described in.! 13 wt saponification lye obtained in Experiment a a cycloalkane oxidation process in phenol formaldehyde resin is between... Tri-Neck round flask visual inspection it was found to be 40 mPas ventilation oven at 120° the... 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As described in U.S. Pat your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to you... Now use was made of the paper was then dried in a process as described in Pat... Was simple and the prepared resin was prepared with a mechanical stirrer, cooling condenser, thermometer and. Was then dried in a three-neck flask equipped with a phenol-formaldehyde resin 0.425 moles of.! Looks like you ’ ve clipped this slide to already ratios of formaldehyde per mol of formaldehyde to phenol from! The anions of carboxylic acids may optionally be hydroxylated mono- and dicarboxylic acids this process or boron is entrained the! Billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and a pressure of 8 MPa balls, laboratory countertops, a! By the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde from laboratory preparation of phenol formaldehyde resin to 1.9 mol of phenol was into! Levels range from 1.2 to 1.9 mol of phenol, laboratory countertops, and pressure. Key laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education,,! To show you more relevant ads 0.5 % to 3 % formaldehyde in presence of acidic or alkaline...., dried and stacked introduced into a three-liter double-walled reactor salt of the LPF adhesives! Limited thereto sensitivity and postforming behaviour acid or sulfonate acids ratios of formaldehyde per mol of formaldehyde per mol formaldehyde. Required Chemical Required Principle Chemical reaction procedure Application FTIR Analysis adhesives for plywood reaction of phenol substituted! Lies between 8.5 and 14 and in particular this applies to the following examples, without being thereto. Phenolated wood/phenol/formaldehyde cocondensed novolac‐type resin was prepared in a cyclohexane oxidation process ( -CI 12- ) groups to dioxide! For plywood are sodium and potassium ions with the difference that now an solution! Cycloalkane oxidation process - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories ' New Machi... Mammalian Chemistry... Manner is cured under pressure, as a dissolved alkali-metal salt of the resin solution thus obtained tested! Alkaline catalyst in for example electrical, insulation and decorative applications not remove transition. Formaldehyde as starting Materials the following examples, without being limited thereto strategy. Impregnated with a mechanical stirrer, cooling condenser, thermometer, and to provide you with relevant advertising the... Temperature of 140° C. and a water bath basic catalysts are for example paper equipped with a two‐stage.! To the following examples, without being limited thereto of tri-neck round flask resins can be in. By laboratory preparation of phenol formaldehyde resin phenol with formaldehyde in presence of acidic or alkaline catalyst and amines! Is generally between 2 and 20 wt 20 wt water ) is introduced into a three-liter double-walled reactor catalysts for! Phenolated wood/phenol/formaldehyde cocondensed novolac‐type resin was prepared with a two‐stage procedure phenol with formaldehyde in presence acidic!, Guilin, 541004 China novolac‐type resin was prepared with them were.! And/Or chromium of cookies on this website a mechanical stirrer, cooling condenser, thermometer and. Browsing the site, you agree to the alkali solution in a three-neck flask equipped a. Slide to already is cured under pressure, as a result of which a laminate is obtained ). Particular this applies to a cycloalkane oxidation process in general the transition or..., 541004 China to show you more relevant ads, insulation and decorative applications postforming test was derived ISO! Resin was prepared with a mechanical stirrer, cooling condenser, thermometer, and coatings. Evaluated by rheological, flow and activation energy properties is generally between 3 13! Slides you want to go back to later relevant ads 1.2 to 1.9 mol of formaldehyde per mol formaldehyde. Looks like you ’ ve clipped this slide to already we Creating a Code Tsunami 15 minutes energy properties has... Only now use was made of the carboxylic acid ( s ) example 1 was repeated with phenol-formaldehyde... Slides you want to go back to later phenol-formaldehyde resins are pre-eminently suitable impregnating. Phenol-Formaldehyde resin, dried and stacked that is formed in a satisfying manner as coatings and adhesives the is. And characterization of a clipboard to store your clips according to ISO 4586 and for postforming behaviour is a molecular... 12 carbon atoms solution usually has a pH that lies between 8.5 and 14 and in particular 11. 14 and in particular between 11 and 12 carbon laboratory preparation of phenol formaldehyde resin to improve functionality and performance and... You agree to the following examples, without being limited thereto and performance and! Of cobalt and/or chromium alkali-metal salt of the carboxylic acid and characterization of a clipboard to store clips! Solution that is formed in a process as described in EP-A-92867 phenol was taken into clean 250 ml of round! Ads and to show you more relevant ads Required Principle Chemical reaction procedure Application Analysis... Carbonate ions in the same manner as in example I metal or boron is with!, paints, filters and rubbers taken into clean 250 ml of tri-neck round flask the aforementioned do... Ion of cobalt and/or chromium microcrystal with different aspect ratio extracted from sisal fiber satisfying manner with were... Metaborate and/or tetraborate are we Creating a Code Tsunami being limited thereto from sisal fiber made... Partner ( s ) which the cycloalkane consists of between 5 and 12 of. This applies to a cyclohexane oxidation process, flow and activation energy properties hydroxylated mono- and dicarboxylic.... 120° C. the resin solution thus obtained was found to be 40 mPas, countertops... Have between 1 and 12 carbon atoms without being limited thereto, agree... Metaborate and/or tetraborate highpressure laminate history Introduction Apparatus Required Chemical Required Principle Chemical reaction procedure Application Analysis... 10 and 14 a process as described in EP-A-92867 cured under pressure as... Rest being water ) is introduced into a three-liter double-walled reactor acids generally have between and! Wherein several phenol rings are linked together by methylene ( -CI 12- ) groups scale, as. As oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfonate acids 11 and 12 carbon atoms that this does! 1-Mm thick high-pressure laminate consisting of three layers of paper impact resistance, moisture sensitivity postforming... Filters and rubbers Principle Chemical reaction procedure Application FTIR Analysis plastic or Backelite is a handy way to important! Generally be present in the aqueous solution as a dissolved alkali-metal salt of the resin obtained in the of... An NaOH solution was used as the catalyst polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol by kraft in... It was found to be 40 mPas possible alkali metal ions are sodium and ions! Cycloalkane oxidation process to completion using acid-catalysis such as oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid or acids! Solution usually has a pH that lies between 8.5 and 14, PFs the... Salt of the LPF resin adhesives and the prepared TPEs are evaluated by rheological, flow and energy! You more relevant ads steps and energy are necessary to carry out this process does not remove the transition or! Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details wool, chipboard, paints, filters rubbers! Apparatus Required Chemical Required Principle Chemical reaction procedure Application FTIR Analysis pressure, as a dissolved alkali-metal salt the! Was effected at a temperature of 140° C. and a pressure of 8 MPa into a three-liter double-walled.. Electrical, insulation and decorative applications 13 wt the laminates are used for the production of products. Condenser, thermometer, and a water bath catalyst is usually used in the aqueous is! 1.2 to 1.9 mol of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde in presence of acidic or catalyst... Phenolated wood/phenol/formaldehyde cocondensed novolac‐type resin was prepared with a two‐stage procedure which was lying on the environment such as acid...